Basics of Sanathana Dharma

1.What does the term Sanathana Dharma mean?

General Definition: Sanathana Dharma is the set of those life Tattvas (principles), glorious Abhyasas (practices), and divine Niyamas (laws) that Sree Parameswara bestowed on mankind through the Aarsha Guru Paramparas for Vishwa Mangalam; the welfare of the world (ultimate good, Shivam).

Life Principles + Practices + Laws – Sanathana Dharma Sastra

It is important to understand the meaning of the words that appear in the general definition.

  1. Sree Parameswara
  2. Vishwa Mangalam (ultimate good, Shivam)
  3. Aarsha Guru Paramparas
  4. Mankind
  5. Life principles
  6. Glorious practices
  7. Divine laws
  8. Sanathana Dharma.

2. What is meant by life principles?

The term refers to the basic principles; Sookshma Rahasyas (cosmic secrets) for achieving health, growth, success, world welfare, and problem-solving. For example: Karma Siddhantam (Theory of Karma), Guruthvam, Sadhaka Dharma, Purushartha concept of life, concept of Pancha Maha Yajnas.

3. What is meant by the term Sookshma Rahasyas (cosmic secrets)?

Many theories in the physical universe (external laws governing physical phenomena). For example, gravitational force.

Man invented several tools and developed technologies by understanding various secrets of the physical universe such as the law of energy. This is how physical sciences progressed.

Similarly, there are some inner secrets of life to achieve health, development, success, world welfare, and problem solving. All these compose Life Principles.

4. What is meant by the term Sookshma Rahasyas (cosmic secrets)?

In order to achieve Shivam (ultimate virtue). Let’s describe ultimate virtue in general, which is defined as Saukhyam, Mangalam, Kalyanam, and Shubham.

5. What is Vishwa Mangalam and ultimate virtue?

There are 5 main aspects in ultimate virtue i.e., Saukhyam, Shubham, Shivam, ultimate virtue, Mangalam, and Kalyanam.  

               1 – Swasthyam – Swasthi – complete life span – complete health – security – immunity – peace – harmony – pleasure – happiness.

               2 – Samagra Vyakti Vikasam, Manava Parinamam; integral personality development, and human evolution

               3 – Sampoorna Jeeva Vijayam; Complete life success

               4 – Sreshta Samaja Nirmanam; better society building

               5 – Samoola Prashna Pariharam; radical problem solving

Sanathana Dharma was given to mankind during the very beginning of his existence by Sree Parameshwara to be able to achieve these 5 goals.

6. What is Swasthyam (Swasthi)?

Sanathana Dharma is a health science to achieve health. The word Swasthyam implies to be able to experience a full life span, complete wellness, peace, harmony, pleasure, and happiness in body, mind, and intellect. Health is a fundamental factor for all success.

7. What is Vyakti Vikasam (holistic personality development)?

Sanathana Dharma is an integral personality development package and also a science for human evolution. Integral means taking all aspects into consideration. Personality is the sum total of a person. So, integral personality development means development of a person on all levels. Real personality development is physical, Pranic, mental, intellectual, spiritual, and social progress.

8. What is Shareeram?

It is our internal and external body. External organs – the five sense organs (Panchendriyas or Jnanendriyas) – the eyes, the ears, the nose, the tongue, the skin, and Karmendriyas (hands and legs) etc. It is also called Annamaya Kosham.

9. What is Prana?

Prana is the divine power that gives and sustains life. In living beings, it is exists as Jeeva Shakti (life force) and in inanimate objects as Jada Shakti (material force).

10. What is Manas?

Manas or mind is a combination of thoughts, desires, emotions, will, and Karma Mudras (impressions of Karma). The mind has infinite powers and abilities. The mind has different levels such as conscious mind, subconscious mind, unconscious mind, superconscious mind.

11. What is Buddhi (intellect)?

Buddhi is the basis of Grahanam (comprehension), Smriti (memory), communication, aesthetic sense, Apagrathanam (Analysis), Nirnayam (decision making), Avishkaram (expression), Gaveshanam (research), and Maneesha (Rishi consciousness).

12. What is Aatma?

Aatma is the omnipresent Ishwara Chaitanya (divine spirit). Brahmam is the collective aspect of Parameshwara whereas Aatma is the manifestation of Parameshwara. Every person has these 5 levels – Shareeram, Prana, Manas, Buddhi, and Aatma.

13. What are social factors?

Man is a social being as well. Society has many aspects such as family, community, nation, and world. Learning to live and behave in a way that is socially appropriate is a part of personality development.

14. What is real personality development or Samagra Vikasam (integral development)?

Real personality development is the development of physical, Pranic, mental, intellectual, spiritual, and social qualities, strengths, knowledge, and abilities.

15. What is Manava Parinamam (human evolution)?

It is not just integral personality development of an individual. Through Sanathana Dharma it is possible to evolve from human to super-human. The evolution into super-human, Aryan, Rishi, Madhavan (from Nara to Narayana – from Manava to Madhava) is possible through the right practice of Sanathana Dharma.

16. What is Sampoorna Jeevana Vijayam (complete life success)?

Sampoorna Jeevana Vijayam is complete success in life; both wordly and spiritual. Sanathana Dharma contains the means to attain complete life success or Purushartha Prapthi.

  • Laukika Jeevana Vijayam (success in wordly life)

Material success, Artha and Kama, Preyas, prosperity

  • Adhyatmika Jeevana Vijayam (success in spiritual life)

Nissreyas, Shreyas, Dharma and Moksha are synonymous with this

17. What is Sreshtha Samaja Nirmanam (building a noble society)?

To make one’s family, community, nation, and world noble. This implies to turn soil into gold (means to create great things out of ordinary), to make earth a heaven, to make earth a divine world, and to sustain Satyayuga forever. Lokah Samasthah Sukhino Bhavanthu is not merely a prayer or a blessing. Sanathana Dharma instructs us that it is also the purpose of life of each of us. Note the divine appeal – Krinwantho Vishwamaryam (to make the whole world noble). Sanathana Dharma has the means to build a great world. It is also a social science. This goal can be attained by promoting Sanathana Dharma around the world.

18. What is Sampoorna Prashna Pariharam (radical problem solving)?

Sanathana Dharma is also a science of radical problem solving. Most of us experience physical, Pranic, mental, intellectual, spiritual, and social problems.

Physical, Pranic, mental, intellectual, and spiritual Dukhas; grief and suffering are Vaiyaktika Prashnas (personal or individual problems).

Samajika Prashnas (social problems) are those that are related to family, community, political, international, finance, employment etc.

Root cause of problems:

The fundamental cause of all problems is Avidya or Ajnanan; ignorance. But in effect, there are 3 main causes of Dukha. These are called Tapatrayam, Dukhatrayam, Kleshtrayam, Durithatrayam, Prashnatrayam. Samoola Prashna Pariharam is solving the problem by solving these root causes. Only then we will be able to find a permanent solution to the problems we face.

  1. Aadhyatmikam
  2. Aadhibhautikam
  3. Aadhidaivikam

A radical solution is possible only when these three causes of Dukha are solved. The term radical solution means to solve the problem from the root.

  1. Aadhyatmikam – Here the term Aadhyatmikam does not mean spiritual. It means that which arises from ourselves. The grief caused by ourselves. Those that arise from action, habits, character, and culture (tendencies). Lifestyle diseases for example.
  2. Aadhibhautikam – Those that are caused by others or by the five elements of nature. Dukhas that are caused by family, society, nation, world, virus, bacteria, fungus, animals (snakes, dogs, and predators), birds, aquatic organisms, plants, accidents, falling, vehicles, fire, water, air, other substances (like poison) etc.
  3. Aadhidaivikam – Suffering caused due to natural disasters (storms, hurricanes, volcanic eruptions, Tsunami, floods, phenomena incomprehensible by humans – mysterious phenomena that man hasn’t been able to comprehend so far – or supernatural forces). For example, problems caused by planetary influences, curses (imprecation), evil eye, evil tongue, witchcraft, mental power etc.

19. What are Abhyasas (practices)?

Practice – Anushthanam: those that have to be performed sitting, standing, or lying down at a particular place at a given time.

Adhyatmika Sadhana (spiritual practices) –

  • Pranayama,
  • Japam,
  • Dhyanam,
  • Prarthana,
  • Swadhyayam (Adhyayana and Adhyapana – Spiritual study and teaching),
  • Satsanga

are Adhyatmika Sadhanas or spiritual practices.

Kamya Sadhana –

  • Shareerika Sadhana; physical practices or Vyayamiki Vijnan, Yogasana, Yoga Vyayama
  • Prana Sadhana; Pranic practices
  • Manasika Sadhana; mental practices (Gratitude Practice, Blessing Practice, Happiness practice, Affirmation – Imagination – Visualisation (AIV))
  • Bouddhika Sadhana; intellectual practices
  • Siddhi Sadhana; for wordly and supernatural powers

Shuddhikarana Sadhana –

cleansing practices or atonement practices (Shuchikarana Kriyas, Sookshma Yoga, Yoga Bandhas (locks), Yoga Mudras (symbolic gestures) etc.)

20. What are Niyamas?

Niyamas are also Nirdeshas (instructions) and Acharas (customs). Niyamas are Hithopadeshas in the Vidhi-Nishedha (assertion-negation) form.

Hithopadesha = Advices that do good to an individual and society

Vidhi Roopam – assertion (Do’s)

Nishedha Roopam – negation (Don’ts)

Examples of Hithopadeshas in Vidhi Roopam,

  1. Be truthful to everyone.
  2. Love everyone.

Examples of Hithopadeshas in Nishedha Roopam,

  1. Do not lie.
  2. Do not hurt anyone physically, mentally, or verbally.

There are mainly 6 types of Niyamas:

  1. Swasthya Niyamas (Health laws)
  2. Vikasana Niyamas (empowerment laws)
  3. Vijaya Niyamas (Saubhagya Vidya Rahasya – Secret laws of good luck)
  4. Prashna Parihara Niyamas (Laws of relieving grief and suffering)
  5. Samajika Niyamas (Smriti Niyamas
  6. Adhyatmika Niyamas (Sruthi Niyamas)

21. Meaning of the word Aarsha.

Related to the Rishis. Derived from the Rishis.

22. Who is a Rishi?

The word Rishi has many meanings. Of those, let me tell you the meaning that is most applicable in this scenario. Rishis are those whom Parameshwara blessed and endowed with his consciousness, strength, wisdom, and spirit.

To bless and endow means to mercifully bestow.

23. What does Veda mean?

Sanathana Dharma describes Veda as the wisdom given by Parameshwara. It is the ultimate knowledge.

Alikhita Vedam – unwritten Vedas – real Vedas are the unwritten body of knowledge that flow from Ishwara through the Guru Paramparas directly and through intuition. It is not based on books. Sanathana Dharma should be learned through Guru Parmaparas.

Saints are the real custodians of Sanathana Dharma” – Sri Paramhansa Yogananda ji

Likhita Vedam – written Vedas – Some of the secrets of these Vedas were later written down without error by some Rishis as hints, as lampposts to help in the journey ahead. These scriptures constitute the Veda literature or Likhita Veda Granthas.

24. Which are the Veda Sahityas or written Vedas?

  • Rig Veda
  • Yajur Veda
  • Sama Veda
  • Atharva Veda

25. Two types of knowledge in the Vedas.

Knowledge is classified into 2 types.

Para Vidya – Adhyatmika Vidya (spiritual knowledge, for attaining Nisshreyas)

Apara Vidya – Laukika Vidya (worldly knowledge, for attaining Preyas)

26. Guru

Generally, anyone who imparts any kind of knowledge is called a Guru. Whereas, in Sanathana Dharma, only those who teach or guide us spiritually are called Gurus. A Guru is a teacher who removes the darkness caused by ignorance. He is one who imparts Para Vidya. We will learn about the different types of Gurus later.

27. Parampara

Parampara means genealogy (ancestry). We have two kinds of ancestry.

One is our familial ancestry.

The second is the one created by the choice of a Guru.

We are reborn the moment we receive Deeksha (initiation) from a Guru Parampara that originates from Sree Parameshwara. One who is born again is called Dwijan (twice born). Thus, we become a part of an Aarsha Guru Parampara. That is to say that our first birth is given by our parents and our second birth is given by our Guru. A real Dwijan is one who is reborn through a Guru Parampara.

28. Welfare of the world

There are three types of worlds –

  1. Sthoola Lokam (physical world)
  2. Sookshma Lokam (astral world)
  3. Karana Loka (causal world)

Lokah Samasthah Sukhino Bhavanthu – chanting the Shanti mantra thrice is to pray for peace in all the 3 worlds, and Shanthih is chanted thrice to pray for peace from all 3 kinds of miseries.

29. Who was this given to?

Sanathana Dharma (Vedam) was given to Rishis of India for bestowing it to mankind (all human beings). Probably in those days, they were the only ones who had the patience and ability to receive this. All human beings, irrespective of their religion, caste, sect, color, age, gender, country, period of time, race, language, poor or rich, scholar or illiterate can learn Sanathana Dharma. Because, Sanathana Dharma was given for all human beings. Manava Dharma is another name for Sanathana Dharma. At the very beginning of man’s existence on earth, Parameshwara who is Sarva Shaktha (omnipotent) and Karunya Nidhi (ocean of mercy), took on a human form to bestow this to the Rishis. That is why Parameshwara is described as the founder of Sanathana Dharma as well as the giver of the Vedas.

30. Why is it called Sanathana Dharma?

What are the reasons Sanathana Dharma is described as such?

The reason can be stated in 4 ways:

  1. It is a Dharma established by Sanathanan (one who is Sanathana)
  2. It is a Dharma given by Sanathanan
  3. It is a Dharma through which Sanathanan can be realized
  4. It is Dharma encompassing the qualities of Sanathanan.
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